Reviewing How the Affordable Care Act Improved the Health Coverage Landscape

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) gave millions of newly eligible people access to affordable, comprehensive health insurance. Undoing the ACA’s coverage expansions or undermining its consumer protections — let alone repealing the law — threatens to bring back serious challenges people used to face in accessing coverage.

Here’s a roundup of analyses showing how the ACA changed the health coverage landscape. It increased health coverage rates, established new protections for people with pre-existing conditions, made health benefits more affordable and comprehensive, and improved health and financial security for millions of people.

Before the ACA:

Tens of millions more people lacked coverage, and uninsured rates were nearly double current levels.

• Entering Their Second Decade, Affordable Care Act Coverage Expansions Have Helped Millions, Provide the Basis for Further Progress
  • The ACA expanded health coverage options for millions of people by creating insurance marketplaces with financial assistance for premiums, deductibles, and other costs, and by allowing states to expand Medicaid to cover adults with incomes up to 138 percent of the federal poverty level ($20,783 for an individual in 2024).
  • Since the ACA’s major coverage provisions were implemented, the uninsured rate has fallen by nearly half, from 14.5 percent (45.2 million people) in 2013 to just 8 percent (26.4 million people) in 2022.
• The ACA’s coverage expansions in Medicaid and in the individual health insurance market contributed to widespread declines in uninsured rates across states. People of color are among the multiple groups seeing these declines. Hover over a state below for details:

The ACA Drove Down Uninsured Rates Nationwide

Uninsured rate, 2010  and 2022 

Alabama

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	10%17%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	15%24%
Asian	10%22%
Black	12%19%
Latino**	24%50%
White	8%14%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Alaska

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	12%19%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	22%34%
Asian [2]	29%
Black [3]
Latino** [2]	21%
White	8%14%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[2] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for 2022.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Arizona

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	12%19%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	17%31%
Asian	6%13%
Black	14%15%
Latino**	18%29%
White	8%14%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Arkansas

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	10%20%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	13%28%
Asian [3]
Black	9%22%
Latino**	25%37%
White	8%18%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

California

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	7%21%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	9%21%
Asian	4%16%
Black	6%17%
Latino**	11%30%
White	4%13%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Colorado

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	8%17%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	12%24%
Asian	8%18%
Black	9%21%
Latino**	15%31%
White	6%13%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Connecticut

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	6%10%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN* [3]
Asian	6%12%
Black	7%14%
Latino**	12%22%
White	3%7%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Delaware

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	7%11%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN* [3]
Asian [3]
Black	7%10%
Latino**	18%23%
White	4%10%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

District of Columbia

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	3%8%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN* [3]
Asian [3]
Black	4%10%
Latino** [2]	16%
White [2]	5%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[2] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for 2022.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Florida

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	14%25%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	23%30%
Asian	9%26%
Black	14%28%
Latino**	19%38%
White	11%19%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Georgia

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	13%22%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	21%28%
Asian	9%27%
Black	13%23%
Latino**	30%48%
White	10%16%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Hawaii

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	4%8%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN* [3]
Asian	4%7%
Black [3]
Latino** [1]	6%
White	4%9%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[1] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for 2010.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Idaho

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	10%20%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	17%32%
Asian [3]
Black [3]
Latino**	18%33%
White	8%18%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Illinois

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	8%16%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	12%13%
Asian	8%17%
Black	8%21%
Latino**	16%29%
White	5%11%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Indiana

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	8%17%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	9%29%
Asian	8%16%
Black	9%21%
Latino**	15%29%
White	7%15%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Iowa

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	5%11%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN* [2]	31%
Asian [3]
Black [2]	17%
Latino**	11%29%
White	4%9%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[2] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for 2022.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Kansas

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	10%16%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	17%22%
Asian	9%16%
Black	15%21%
Latino**	21%30%
White	8%13%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Kentucky

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	6%17%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	8%23%
Asian [2]	21%
Black	6%19%
Latino**	20%38%
White	6%16%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[2] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for 2022.

Louisiana

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	8%20%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	13%24%
Asian	10%27%
Black	7%24%
Latino**	27%40%
White	6%16%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Maine

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	8%13%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN* [3]
Asian [3]
Black [3]
Latino** [3]
White	8%13%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Maryland

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	7%13%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	7%18%
Asian	5%14%
Black	5%14%
Latino**	24%35%
White	3%8%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Massachusetts

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	3%5%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN* [1]	10%
Asian	2%4%
Black	3%7%
Latino**	5%10%
White	2%4%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[1] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for 2010.

Michigan

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	6%14%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	8%15%
Asian	4%12%
Black	6%17%
Latino**	11%23%
White	5%13%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Minnesota

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	5%10%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	8%22%
Asian	6%11%
Black	7%20%
Latino**	17%25%
White	4%8%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Mississippi

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	13%21%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	20%30%
Asian [2]	25%
Black	14%20%
Latino**	25%25%
White	11%8%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[2] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for 2022.

Missouri

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	10%15%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	15%21%
Asian	8%14%
Black	11%22%
Latino**	19%30%
White	9%14%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Montana

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	10%20%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	16%42%
Asian [3]
Black [3]
Latino** [3]
White	9%17%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Nebraska

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	8%13%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	14%33%
Asian [3]
Black [2]	15%
Latino**	19%32%
White	6%11%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[2] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for 2022.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Nevada

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	13%25%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	18%36%
Asian	10%20%
Black	13%25%
Latino**	21%37%
White	8%20%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

New Hampshire

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	6%13%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN* [3]
Asian [3]
Black [3]
Latino** [3]
White	5%12%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

New Jersey

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	8%15%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	12%35%
Asian	5%16%
Black	7%15%
Latino**	18%31%
White	3%9%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

New Mexico

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	10%23%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	13%43%
Asian [3]
Black [3]
Latino**	11%25%
White	7%14%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

New York

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	6%14%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	10%21%
Asian	6%18%
Black	6%15%
Latino**	11%24%
White	4%9%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

North Carolina

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	11%19%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	14%28%
Asian	8%19%
Black	11%21%
Latino**	28%44%
White	8%14%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

North Dakota

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	8%11%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	18%37%
Asian [3]
Black [3]
Latino** [3]
White	5%9%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Ohio

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	7%14%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	8%18%
Asian	7%13%
Black	8%18%
Latino**	15%26%
White	6%13%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Oklahoma

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	14%22%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	20%30%
Asian	10%20%
Black	13%21%
Latino**	24%39%
White	11%18%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Oregon

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	7%20%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	10%25%
Asian	4%17%
Black [2]	21%
Latino**	15%34%
White	6%17%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[2] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for 2022.

Pennsylvania

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	7%12%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	11%20%
Asian	7%14%
Black	7%16%
Latino**	11%21%
White	6%10%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Rhode Island

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	5%14%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN* [3]
Asian [3]
Black [2]	17%
Latino**	9%29%
White	3%11%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[2] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for 2022.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

South Carolina

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	11%20%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	13%20%
Asian	7%23%
Black	11%23%
Latino**	26%46%
White	9%16%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

South Dakota

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	9%14%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	28%42%
Asian [3]
Black [3]
Latino** [1]	14%
White	7%10%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[1] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for 2010.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Tennessee

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	11%16%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	15%29%
Asian	9%18%
Black	11%18%
Latino**	30%42%
White	9%14%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Texas

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	19%26%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	22%28%
Asian	9%21%
Black	16%23%
Latino**	28%38%
White	11%16%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Utah

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	9%17%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	16%30%
Asian	13%15%
Black [3]
Latino**	22%39%
White	6%13%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Vermont

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	5%9%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN* [3]
Asian [3]
Black [3]
Latino** [3]
White	5%9%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Virginia

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	8%14%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	9%23%
Asian	7%16%
Black	8%18%
Latino**	20%34%
White	5%10%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Washington

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	7%16%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	11%22%
Asian	5%16%
Black	8%17%
Latino**	15%30%
White	5%13%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

West Virginia

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	7%17%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN* [3]
Asian [3]
Black [2]	21%
Latino** [3]
White	7%17%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[2] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for 2022.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

Wisconsin

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	6%11%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	9%24%
Asian	6%14%
Black	9%14%
Latino**	19%29%
White	5%9%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.

Wyoming

	Uninsured Rate
	2022 ← 2010
All	14%17%
By race/ethnicity
AIAN*	22%32%
Asian [3]
Black [3]
Latino**	20%27%
White	13%15%
*AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native. AIAN people may be AIAN alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities.**Latino people include people of any race who identify as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. The Asian, Black, and white categories include only people who identify as a single race and not Latino.[3] The sample size is not large enough to provide an estimate for either year.

0%20%0%20%0%20%0%20%0%20%0%20%0%20%0%20%0%20%AKMEVTNHWAMTNDMNWIMINYMARIIDWYSDIAILINOHPANJCTORNVCONEMOKYWVMDDECAAZUTKSARTNVANCDCNMOKLAMSALSCTXGAHIFL

Note: Estimates are for people under age 65 living in non-institutional settings. States with a pink background have not expanded Medicaid.

Source: CBPP analysis of 2022 American Community Survey.

Center on Budget and Policy Priorities | cbpp.org

• Groups also benefiting:
  • people with low incomes;
  • people who are LGBTQ+;
  • people with pre-existing conditions; and
  • people with limited access to employer-sponsored coverage.
• Record Low Uninsured Rate Offers Roadmap to Long-Term Coverage Gains
  • In recent years, the ACA has continued to improve access to coverage through the marketplace via improved premium tax credits, expanded enrollment periods, and increased outreach and enrollment assistance, including record funding for its Navigator program.

The individual market, where people buy coverage on their own, was dysfunctional and unaffordable, leaving millions of people with no access to coverage for their health conditions, limited or missing benefits, and high out-of-pocket costs. Employer coverage had fewer protections.

• Eliminating Federal Protections for People with Health Conditions Would Mean Return to Dysfunctional Pre-ACA Individual Market
  • The ACA established important consumer protections like out-of-pocket cost limits, cost-sharing standards, and bans on annual or lifetime coverage limits. It also streamlined the enrollment process by creating a federal marketplace and requiring comprehensive benefits across plans.
  • Before the ACA, insurers could charge higher premiums for, or deny coverage to, people with “pre-existing” conditions like diabetes, asthma, or pregnancy — practices that limited access to health care and led to higher out-of-pocket costs and uninsured rates. The ACA prohibited coverage denials and premium increases for people with these conditions.
• If “Essential Health Benefits” Standards Are Repealed, Health Plans Would Cover Little
  • Under the ACA, all individual and small-group health plans are required to cover ten essential health benefits: emergency services; hospitalizations; outpatient care; maternity and newborn care; mental health and substance use disorder treatment; prescription drugs; rehabilitation services; laboratory services; preventive services and chronic disease management; and pediatric care.
  • Prior to the ACA, many people in the individual market (62 percent) had plans that didn’t cover maternity care, substance use disorder treatment (34 percent), mental health care (18 percent), or prescription drugs (9 percent) — meaning those services had exorbitant costs.
• Health Care: Issues Impacting Cost and Coverage
  • The ACA made several improvements to health plans across all markets, including employer coverage. It prohibited lifetime and annual benefit limits, required plans to cap out-of-pocket costs, and required that young adults be allowed to remain on their parents’ plans until age 26.

Limited Medicaid eligibility and costly insurance options left people with less access to care, widespread financial insecurity, and poorer health outcomes. Also, inequities across racial and ethnic groups were greater.

Following the ACA’s implementation, health coverage inequities narrowed between racial and ethnic groups.

Medicaid Expansion: Frequently Asked Questions

The ACA’s Medicaid expansion improved chronic disease management and lowered rates of maternal and infant mortality and premature death.

Medicaid expansion also protects enrollees from catastrophic out-of-pocket medical costs, improving overall financial security. Under expansion, fewer adults struggle to pay medical bills or face medical debt, bankruptcies, and evictions.

Health Coverage Rates Vary Widely Across — and Within — Racial and Ethnic Groups